Private College Revenues and the US College Meltdown

#CollegeMeltdown

According to National Center for Education Statistics charts, public higher education institutions overall experienced increased revenues in recent years, but private colleges saw a $46 Billion loss in revenues from 2013 to 2015.

Bear in mind that the numbers are not up-to-date, so this pattern may have improved, stabilized, or worsened since 2016. But with student enrollment continuing to decrease, declining private college revenue numbers may be a harbinger of a larger meltdown.

In 2016, EY suggested that as many as 805 colleges faced significant challenges due to low enrollment numbers and unsustainable finances.

Some of private college revenue losses may due to a tuition discounting. In any case, drops in institutional revenues for a significant period require cost cutting, which frequently means cuts in teachers and staff. Conditions at individual private colleges may be vastly different, from thriving and growing to downsizing and closing.

NCES Projecting Stagnant College Enrollment Numbers

The National Center for Education Statistics is moderating its perspective on US higher education enrollment.

Earlier NCES reports projected college enrollment to grow to more than 22 million students by 2023.

In the Department of Education's The Condition of Education 2018 report, NCES projects enrollment to recover to 17.4 million undergraduate students by 2027, after six consecutive years of losses.

But even these more moderate numbers may be too rosy if NCES projections are already off from 2017 and the first half of 2018, as National Student Clearinghouse numbers would suggest.

Unless there are major policy changes at the federal, state, and local levels, it's not impossible to project a more dismal picture. These positive changes would need to address social inequality in the US, including the savage inequalities in K-12 education and college affordability for working-class families.

College Meltdown: State By State Changes

The National Student Clearinghouse has provided College Meltdown with state by state changes in college enrollment from Fall 2011 to Fall 2017.  The chart is listed in order of percentage loss or gain.  New Mexico, Hawaii, Illinois, Michigan, and Alaska were hardest hit.  Twenty two states experienced losses of 10 percent or more.   Six states increased their enrollment from 2011 to 2017.  New Hampshire and Utah, the two largest gainers, increased their enrollment by having a large online presence (Southern New Hampshire University and BYU online).
State	Change %	Change N	Fall 2017	Fall 2011
Multi-State Institutions	-53%	-724,715	645,035	1,369,750
New Mexico	-20%	-28,468	115,734	144,202
Hawaii	-19%	-12,700	52,938	65,638
Illinois	-19%	-141,554	616,520	758,074
Michigan	-19%	-117,285	516,291	633,576
Alaska	-17%	-5,922	29,551	35,473
Oregon	-17%	-42,139	211,264	253,403
Missouri	-16%	-64,193	347,315	411,508
Louisiana	-15%	-38,854	222,640	261,494
West Virginia	-15%	-24,793	144,717	169,510
Montana	-15%	-8,134	47,811	55,945
Indiana	-14%	-57,710	345,140	402,850
Kentucky	-14%	-38,766	238,922	277,688
Minnesota	-14%	-58,239	362,416	420,655
Arkansas	-13%	-23,649	154,979	178,628
Ohio	-13%	-87,250	602,612	689,862
Wisconsin	-12%	-43,238	307,565	350,803
Oklahoma	-11%	-23,511	187,640	211,151
Maryland	-11%	-40,986	346,501	387,487
Wyoming	-10%	-3,396	29,333	32,729
Nebraska	-10%	-14,418	127,526	141,944
Pennsylvania	-10%	-72,163	682,995	755,158
North Dakota	-9%	-5,275	51,084	56,359
Iowa	-9%	-20,247	201,485	221,732
New Jersey	-9%	-37,731	383,465	421,196
Colorado	-9%	-28,640	291,986	320,626
Virginia	-8%	-44,484	484,523	529,007
New York	-8%	-98,904	1,092,559	1,191,463
Mississippi	-8%	-14,305	166,005	180,310
Washington	-8%	-27,148	316,152	343,300
Vermont	-7%	-3,177	40,024	43,201
Florida	-7%	-74,318	1,003,014	1,077,332
Massachusetts	-7%	-32,753	444,670	477,423
Maine	-7%	-4,690	65,361	70,051
Georgia	-6%	-33,836	491,898	525,734
Tennessee	-6%	-20,642	300,337	320,979
North Carolina	-6%	-32,642	522,750	555,392
Kansas	-5%	-10,015	193,733	203,748
District of Columbia	-5%	-3,727	73,925	77,652
Rhode Island	-4%	-3,179	69,543	72,722
South Carolina	-4%	-9,339	236,782	246,121
Connecticut	-3%	-6,257	187,124	193,381
Nevada	-2%	-2,651	110,085	112,736
California	-2%	-43,872	2,515,551	2,559,423
Alabama	-1%	-4,149	290,704	294,853
Delaware	0%	-177	55,926	56,103
South Dakota	3%	1,200	46,598	45,398
Texas	4%	58,803	1,489,865	1,431,062
Idaho	4%	4,202	100,851	96,649
Arizona	6%	23,750	451,539	427,789
Utah*	25%	63,108	317,839	254,731
New Hampshire*	89%	69,661	147,773	78,112
*Growth driven by institutions with large online programs. Students may not be physically located within the state.

US Department of Education Fails to Recognize College Meltdown

The Department of Education's predictions about college enrollment may overestimate the number of students in 2023 by 5-7 million.  


At what point will President Donald Trump's Department of Education realize that US higher education is facing dramatic losses in enrollment, and that their rosy projections are so wrong?

According to the National Student Clearinghouse, higher education enrollment has declined by 2.4 million students since 2010-2011. And the greatest losses have come from community colleges, which have experienced a 1.6 million student decline.

The US Department of Education, however, projects a consistent upward trend in enrollment despite acknowledging consistent losses from 2011 to 2015.  

Optimistic analysts suggest that the enrollment declines are the result of an improved economy, where jobs are more prevalent. But this pollyanna analysis belies the underlying problems in higher education and the greater economy that I have been chronicling on LinkedIn and College Meltdown.

Check out the 40 hardest hit US public 2-year institutions and you will see a pattern of government austerity, localized depressions, increasing inequality and an eroding K-12 pipeline.

Now, more than 15 indicators of the college meltdown have hit yellow or red lights. Revenues, the only green light in my analysis, appear to be in decline. Increasing student loan interest rates and reductions in need based funding may also accelerate the meltdown faster than my original models.

While elite colleges and brand name state universities continue to do well, for-profit colleges, community colleges, small private rural colleges, second-tier state colleges and HBCUs face major headwinds.

To make matters worse, public opinion about colleges has been worsening, especially among Republicans and the white working class. Whether this has already affected enrollment numbers has not been thoroughly investigated.

Inside Higher Education was bold enough to post a piece titled "What Happens If Higher Ed Collapses." But how many people read Inside Higher Education?

Potential political and cultural clashes this fall on college campuses may also worsen public opinion.

There are some positive developments happening, such as free community college in Oregon, Tennessee, New York, and Rhode Island, but this is not enough to remedy the destructive developments of defunding, deregulation, and privatization proposed by the Trump Administration.

College Meltdown: NY, IL, MI, PA, VA hardest hit

The US College Meltdown is not a fast-moving crash, nor is it felt evenly across the nation. That's why many professionals still deny this characterization of crushing student loan debt and five consecutive years of declining enrollment numbers.

For-profit colleges, HBCUs, community colleges, and small rural private colleges have been hardest hit by the meltdown, while elite colleges and flagship universities continue to rake in tens of billions in revenues.

States and counties display different patterns during the College Meltdown. Four factors in determining where community colleges and second- and third-tier state colleges are most vulnerable to the College Meltdown include : (1) states with declining college enrollments and (2) declining numbers of high school graduates, (3) states that have already been cutting state funding of colleges and community colleges, and (4) states and counties with above average indebtedness.

I am in the process of creating a ranking of those States most vulnerable to the College Meltdown. Is your state listed? Are there any factors that aggravate or mitigate indebtedness and declining youth numbers?

(1) Declining College Enrollment Numbers (>10,000)

• New York (-30,695)
• Illinois (-26,089)
• Michigan (-25,841)
• Pennsylvania (-18,390)
• Virginia (-15,613)
• Massachusetts  (-13,444)
• Wisconsin (-13,122)
• Texas (-11,376)
• Colorado  (-11,039)
• Maryland (-10,444)

(2) Declining High School Graduates (> 5%) 
(10% or more decline)

• Illinois
• Mississippi
• Michigan
• Ohio
• Vermont
• New Hampshire
• Maine
• Rhode Island
• California

(5% to 10% decline)

• New Jersey
• Pennsylvania
• Wisconsin
• Alabama
• Missouri
• West Virginia
• Kentucky
• Indiana
• Massachusetts

(3) State Funding Cuts Targeting Higher Education (>30% since the recession)

• Arizona (55.6%)
• Illinois (54.0%)
• Louisiana (39.1%)
• South Carolina (37.0%)
• Alabama (36.2%)
• Pennsylvania (33.3%)
• Kentucky (32.0%)
• Idaho (30.8%)
• New Hampshire (30.1%)

(4) State and Local Indebtedness

• New York
• South Carolina
• Rhode Island
• Washington
• Florida
• Kentucky
• Illinois
• Connecticut
• Pennsylvania
• Massachusetts
• West Virginia
• Colorado
• New Jersey
• Nevada
• Hawaii
• Texas
• Kansas
• Louisiana

Community Colleges at the Heart of College Meltdown

Community college enrollment has dropped by 1.6 million students (23%) in the last six years.  Even worse, full-time enrollment at community colleges has dropped by 36% over the last 6 years. Source for Data: National Student Clearinghouse.

US college enrollment has dropped by about 2.5 million students over the last six years, but this College Meltdown has not been spread evenly.

For-profit colleges have been hardest hit in their percentage decline of students and campus closings. But community colleges, which may be the best educational value for working families, have been even harder hit in the sheer numbers who are not attending.

While the for-profit college crash has been well documented in the media, the crisis in community colleges has been under-reported.

For-profit colleges have seen a decline of about 600,000 students since their peak, but community college enrollment has declined even more, by 1.6 million.

[Image below:  Most US community colleges have seen enrollment declines. Data from National Center for Education Statistics]

The reaction to the community college downturn has ranged from punitive to progressive: reduced state and local funding, higher tuition, reduced student and family services, fewer teachers, lower educational standards--and free college tuition:

• In Arizona, state funding has been eliminated and services have been cut. 
• In Louisiana, there have been large program cuts and teacher layoffs. 
• In Nebraska and Iowa, tuition is being raised.  
• In Virginia and Arkansas, tuition is also being raised. 
• In Florida, placement exams have been eliminated, and funding has been cut for developmental education.
• In New Jersey, Rowan University has partnered with two community colleges for seamless transfers. 
• In Texas, community colleges are offering dual enrollment for high school students in order to fill seats. 
• In Tennessee and Oregon, community college tuition is free.
• In New York, community college tuition will be free for families making less than $125,000 per year, starting in June 2017.

In 2003, 53% of all community colleges offered campus child care. In 2015, only 44% had it.

At the national level, the dearth of reporting on the community college downturn begs more questions:

1. What community colleges have been hardest hit?
2. What has happened to all the people who have decided not to go to a community college?
3. Why do you think the enrollment crisis in US community colleges has been under-reported?

Charting the College Meltdown

This chart illustrates the mostly downward movement of the College Meltdown.  Overall, revenues to higher education institutions continue to rise, but these numbers mask the many weaknesses in the system.

What we are looking at is unsustainable. 

While elite colleges and brand name colleges will continue to thrive, many for-profit colleges, Historically Black Colleges and Universities, community colleges, and lesser valued public and private colleges will suffer.

This trend may be disturbing for working people and their families, but it is also an opportunity for others to consolidate power and increase profits.

  

"Creative Destruction" in Higher Ed Will Accelerate Under Trump and DeVos

Dahn Shaulis

dahneshaulis@gmail.com

• 42% of today’s college students are living near or below the poverty line.
• Student services have been cut substantially since the last recession.
• Total US college debt has increased to $1.4 trillion.
• Only about 40% of student loan debtors are paying back more than interest.  
• US college enrollment has declined 5 consecutive years, with no reasonable expectation that the decline will slow down. 
• State funding cuts for higher education are continuing in several states, with no new taxes and increasing burdens from Medicaid, pensions, and infrastructure repair. 
• More than half of all college teachers are low-paid adjuncts.
• College mergers and closings are expected to increase. 
• Differences between for-profit and non-profit colleges continue to be blurred. 

All are signs of a long-term crisis in US higher education reinforcing even greater social inequality--what I have coined the "College Meltdown."

Every year, the picture becomes clearer that the College Meltdown is worsening. But vested interests refuse to acknowledge the situation or they claim that the problems are just the first step toward a better, corporate-based solution.

President Donald Trump and Secretary of Education Betsy DeVos promise to accelerate the College Meltdown.

• Trump's plan to reduce the Pell Grant surplus and eliminate Supplemental Educational Opportunity Grants (SEOG) and federal Work Study will hit working class students the most.
• At the institutional level, HBCUs and community colleges stand to lose students who cannot afford to attend.
• DeVos' plan to roll back rules against student loan servicers may accelerate defaults.

Political conservatives like Richard Vedder have long believed that government funding has artificially inflated college costs, making higher education an increasingly risky proposition. Vedder and others also argue that the College Meltdown is not occurring fast enough, and that unfettered market forces would allow for greater consolidation and "creative destruction."

Trump's long range plans could put these ideas into practice. Already, DeVos has hired people who have worked for the for-profit college industry. And it's not inconceivable that the US could get out of the student loan business, handing the reins back to the banks.

Other conservatives will profit, or at least hedge their bets, from the meltdown. The Koch Brothers, for example, are spending money to shape social policy at Historically Black Colleges and Universities. 

Do you believe that less government oversight and more creative destruction in higher education will make things better? Should banks be in control of student loans with limited oversight?

Bibliography of the College Meltdown

Dahn Shaulis

CollegeMeltdown@protonmail.com

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